Ischemic heart disease, also known as coronary heart disease (CAD), is a leading cause of death worldwide, responsible for 16% of the world’s total deaths according to the World Health Organization. Ischemic heart disease is when bad cholesterol (LDL) builds up on the walls of arteries, narrowing the arteries and reducing blood flow to the heart. The reduced blood flow causes the heart to receive inadequate oxygen for proper function. Eventually, the buildup can completely block the artery, resulting in a heart attack (Myocardial infarction). Ischemic heart disease can also result in arrhythmia (irregular heart rhythm), chronic angina (chest pain), congestive heart failure, and heart damage. Ischemic heart disease can fortunately be treated with medicines, lifestyle changes, and surgical procedures.
Common symptoms of ischemic heart disease include chest pain, shortness of breath, and chest pressure that is:
Relieved by rest or medicine
May feel as if pain starting in the chest spreads to the arms, back, or other areas
May feel like gas or indigestion (more common in women)
Occurs repeatedly; episodes tend to be alike
Occurs when the heart must work harder, usually during physical exertion
Usually lasts a short time (five minutes or less)
Individuals with the following factors are at a higher risk of developing ischemic heart disease:
Diabetes
Atherosclerosis
High blood cholesterol
High blood pressure
High blood triglycerides
Obesity
Physical Inactivity
Smoking and other tobacco use
If ischemic heart disease progresses into a heart attack, it is important to know the symptoms. Heart attacks tend to present differently in women as compared to men. Men typically experience chest pain or discomfort. Women, however, are more likely to have shortness of breath, nausea/vomiting, and back or jaw pain. Some women can have a heart attack without experiencing chest pain, leading them to believe that they have a less serious condition like the flu. If you feel very short of breath and have extreme chest pressure, call 911.
Lifestyle practices can reduce the chances of developing ischemic heart disease. Exercise regularly, quit smoking and other uses of tobacco, eat leaner meats, and schedule an appointment with a doctor to learn about your own risk for ischemic heart disease.
Image: Heart.org/HeartAttack
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